Assistant Professor & ,
Department of Information Technology,
Vignan's Institute of Engineering for Women(A)
R23 C LAB SOLUTIONS
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB
Exercise 2: Converting algorithms/flowcharts into C Source code
- Sum and average of 3numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c, sum;
float avg;
clrscr();
printf("Enter values of a,b, and c: \n");
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c);
sum = a + b + c;
avg = sum / 3;
printf("Sum = %d \n", sum);
printf("Average = %.2f", avg);
return 0;
}
- Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa.
//Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float celsius, fahrenheit;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter Temp in Fahrenheit : ");
scanf("%f", &fahrenheit);
celsius = (fahrenheit-32) / 1.8;
printf("\n Temperature in Celsius : %.2f ", celsius);
getch();
}
//Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float celsius, fahrenheit;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter Temp in Celsius : ");
scanf("%f", &celsius);
fahrenheit = (1.8 * celsius) + 32;
printf("\n Temperature in Fahrenheit : %.2f ", fahrenheit);
getch();
}
- Simple interest calculation.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int p,r,t,int_amt;
clrscr();
printf("Input principle p, Rate of interest r & time in years t to find simple interest: \n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&p,&r,&t);
int_amt=(p*r*t)/100;
printf("Simple interest = %d",int_amt);
return 0;
}
Exercise 3: Simple computational problems using arithmetic expressions.
- Finding the square root of a given number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main() {
double number, squareRoot;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%lf", &number);
squareRoot = sqrt(number);
printf("Square root of %.2lf = %.2lf", number, squareRoot);
return 0;
}
- Finding compound interest.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
double principle, rate, time, CI, n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter principle (amount): ");
scanf("%lf", &principle);
printf("Enter time in years: ");
scanf("%lf", &time);
printf("Enter annual rate of interest: ");
scanf("%lf", &rate);
printf("Enter the number of times that interest is compounded annually: ");
scanf("%lf", &n);
A = principle * pow((1 + rate /(100*n)), n * time);
printf("final amount with compound interest %lf", A);
/* Calculate compound interest */
CI = A - principle;
/* Print the resultant CI */
printf("Compound Interest = %.2lf", CI);
return 0;
}
- Area of a triangle using heron’s formulae.
Steps to find the area of a triangle using Heron's formula
Let A, B and C be the length of three sides of a triangle.
Calculate the semi perimeter of the triangle.
Semi-Perimeter of triangle(S) = (A + B + C)/2
Now, we can calculate the area of triangle using below mentioned formula.
Area of Triangle = √ S(S-A)(S-B)(S-C))
Where, S is the semi-perimeter that we calculated in first step.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float side1, side2, side3, s, area;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the length of three sides of triangle\n");
scanf("%f %f %f", &side1,&side2,&side3);
s = (side1 + side2 + side3)/2;
area = sqrt(s*(s-side1)*(s-side2)*(s-side3));
printf("Area of triangle : %0.4f\n", area);
return 0;
}
- Distance travelled by an object.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float u,a,t,v,s;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter initial velocity u: ");
scanf("%f",&u);
printf("\n Enter acceleration a: ");
scanf("%f",&a);
printf("\n Enter time required t: ");
scanf("%f",&t);
s=u*t+(1/2)*a*t*t;
printf("\n The distance traveled is : %f ",s);
getch();
}
Exercise 4: Simple computational problems using the operator’ precedence and associativity
- Evaluate the following expressions.
1) Evaluate the following expressions.
a. A+B*C+(D*E)+F*G
b. A/B*C-B+A*D/3
c. A+++B---A
d. J= (i++) +(++i)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int A=1,B=2,C=3,D=4,E=5,F=6,G=7,a,b,c,J,i=1;
a= A+B*C+(D*E)+F*G;
printf("a= %d",a);
//if u take float, u will get exact output
b=A/B*C-B+A*D/3;
printf("\n b= %d",b);
c=A+++B---A;
printf("\n c= %d",c);
J= (i++) +(++i);
printf("\n J= %d",J);
return 0;
}
- Find the maximum of three numbers using conditional operator.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c, big ;
clrscr();
printf("Enter three numbers : ") ;
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c) ;
big = a > b ? (a > c ? a : c) : (b > c ? b : c) ;
printf("\nThe biggest number is : %d", big) ;
getch();
}
- Take marks of 5 subjects in integers, and find the total, average in float
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int eng, phy, chem, math, comp;
float total, average, percentage;
/* Input marks of all five subjects */
printf("Enter marks of five subjects: \n");
scanf("%d %d %d %d %d", &eng, &phy, &chem, &math, &comp);
/* Calculate total, average and percentage */
total = eng + phy + chem + math + comp;
average = total / 5.0;
percentage = (total / 500.0) * 100;
/* Print all results */
printf("Total marks = %.2f\n", total);
printf("Average marks = %.2f\n", average);
printf("Percentage = %.2f", percentage);
return 0;
}
Exercise 5: Problems using conditional statements.
- Write a C program to find the max and min of four numbers using if-else.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int a,b,c,d;
printf("Enter the Four Numbers :");
scanf("%d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d);
if(a>b && a>c && a>d)
{
printf("%d is max \n",a);
}
else if(b>c && b>d)
{
printf("%d is max \n",b);
}
else if(c>d)
{
printf("%d is max \n",c);
}
else
{
printf("%d is big \n",d);
}
if(a<b && a<c && a<d)
{
printf("%d is min",a);
}
else if(b<c && b<d)
{
printf("%d is min",b);
}
else if(c<d)
{
printf("%d is min",c);
}
else
{
printf("%d is min",d);
}
return 0;
}
- Write a C program to generate electricity bill.
Conditions:
For first 50 units – Rs. 3.50/unit
For 51 - 150 units – Rs. 4.00/unit
For 151 -250 units – Rs. 5.20/unit
For units above 250 – Rs. 6.50/unit
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float bill, units;
printf("Enter the units consumed=");
scanf("%f",&units);
if(units<=50 && units>=0)
{
bill=units*3.50;
printf("Electricity Bill=%0.2f Rupees",bill);
}
else if(units<=150 && units>50)
{
bill=50*3.50+(units-50)*4;
printf("Electricity Bill=%0.2f Rupees",bill);
}
else if(units<=250 && units>150)
{
bill=50*3.50+100*4+(units-150)*5.20;
printf("Electricity Bill=%0.2f Rupees",bill);
}
else if(units>250)
{
bill=50*3.50+100*4+100*5.20+(units-250)*6.50;
printf("Electricity Bill=%0.2f Rupees",bill);
}
else
{
printf("Please enter valid consumed units...");
}
return 0;
}
- Find the roots of the quadratic equation.
# include<stdio.h>
# include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main () {
float a,b,c,r1,r2,d;
clrscr();
printf ("Enter the values of a b c: ");
scanf (" %f %f %f", &a, &b, &c);
d= b*b - 4*a*c;
if (d>0) {
r1 = -b+sqrt (d) / (2*a);
r2 = -b-sqrt (d) / (2*a);
printf ("The real roots = %f %f", r1, r2);
}
else if (d==0) {
r1 = -b/(2*a);
r2 = -b/(2*a);
printf ("Roots are equal =%f %f", r1, r2);
}
else
printf("Roots are imaginary");
return 0;
}
- Write a C program to simulate a calculator using switch case.
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
char ch;
int a, b, result;
clrscr();
printf("Enter an Operator (+, -, *, /, %): ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
printf("Enter two operands: \n");
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
switch(ch){
case '+':
result = a + b;
printf("%d + %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
case '-':
result = a - b;
printf("%d - %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
case '*':
result = a * b;
printf("%d * %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
case '/':
result = a / b;
printf("%d / %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
case '%':
result = a % b;
printf("%d mod %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
default:
printf("choose proper menu");
break;
}
return 0;
}
- Write a C program to find the given year is a leap year or not.
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int year;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a year: ");
scanf("%d", &year);
if((year%4==0) && ((year%400==0) || (year%100!=0)))
{
printf("%d is a leap year", year);
} else {
printf("%d is not a leap year", year);
}
}
or
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int year;
printf("Enter a year: ");
scanf("%d", &year);
if (year % 400 == 0) {
printf("%d is a leap year.", year);
}
// not a leap year if divisible by 100
else if (year % 100 == 0) {
printf("%d is not a leap year.", year);
}
else if (year % 4 == 0) {
printf("%d is a leap year.", year);
}
else {
printf("%d is not a leap year.", year);
}
return 0;
}
Exercise 6: Problems using control statements.
- Find the factorial of given number using any loop
//using while loop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int f=1,num;
printf("Enter the number : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
while(num>0)
{
f=f*num;
num--;
}
printf("The Factorial is: %d\n",f);
return 0;
}
//using for loop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
int i,f=1,num;
printf("Enter the number : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
{
f=f*i;
}
printf("The Factorial of %d is: %d\n",num,f);
}
- Find the given number is a prime or not.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, flag = 0;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
flag = 1;
for (i = 2; i <= n / 2; ++i)
{
if (n % i == 0) {
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 0)
printf("%d is a prime number.", n);
else
printf("%d is not a prime number.", n);
return 0;
}
- Compute sine and cos series.
The formula of Sine Series is
sin(x) = x - (x*x*x)/3! + (x*x*x*x*x)/5! - (x*x*x*x*x*x*x)/7!
for Example,
Let the value of x be 50.
x= 50 * pi/180 = 50 * (3.14/180) = 0.8722
So, Radian value for 50 degree is 0.8722.
sin(0.8722) = 0.8722 - (0.8722*0.8722*0.8722)/3! + (0.8722*0.8722*0.8722*0.8722*0.8722)/5!...
//Compute Sine Series
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
float x, sum, t;
printf(" Enter the value for x : ");
scanf("%f",&x);
printf(" \n Enter the value for n : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
x=x*3.14159/180;
t=x;
sum=x;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
t=(t*(-1)*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1));
sum=sum+t;
}
printf(" The value of Sin(%f) = %.4f",x,sum);
return 0;
}
The formula of Cosine Series is
cos(x) = 1 - (x*x)/2! + (x*x*x*x)/4! - (x*x*x*x*x*x)/6!
for Example,
Let the value of x be 50.
x= 50 * pi/180 = 50 * (3.14/180) = 0.8722
So, Radian value for 50 degree is 0.8722.
cos(0.8722) = 1 - (0.8722*0.8722)/2! + (0.8722*0.8722*0.8722*0.8722)/4!...
//Compute Cosine Series
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
float x, sum=1, t=1;
clrscr();
printf(" Enter the value for x : ");
scanf("%f",&x);
printf(" Enter the value for n : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
x=x*3.14159/180;
/* Loop to calculate the value of Cosine */
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
t=t*(-1)*x*x/(2*i*(2*i-1));
sum=sum+t;
}
printf(" The value of Cos(%f) is : %.4f", x, sum);
return 0;
}
- Checking a number palindrome.
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, rev = 0, rem, org;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
org = n;
while (n != 0) {
rem = n % 10;
rev = rev * 10 + rem;
n /= 10;
}
if (org == rev)
printf("%d is a palindrome.", org);
else
printf("%d is not a palindrome.", org);
return 0;
}
- Construct a pyramid of numbers.
// Half Pyramid
#include<stdio.h>>
int main() {
int i, j, rows;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
for (i = 1; i <= rows; ++i) {
for (j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
printf("%d ", j);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
// Full Pyramid
#include<stdio.h>>
int main() {
// Write C code here
int i,j,k,l;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
for(k=5;k>=i;k--)
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%d",j);
for(l=j-2;l>0;l--)
printf("%d", l);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Exercise 7: Using arrays.
- Find the min and max ofa1-D integer array.
#include<stdio.h>>
int main()
{
int A[10], i, max, min, n;
printf("\n\nFind maximum and minimum element in an array :\n");
printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&A[i]);
}
max = A[0];
min = A[0];
for(i=1; i<n; i++)
{
if(A[i]>max)
{
max = A[i];
}
if(A[i]<min)
{
min = A[i];
}
}
printf("Maximum element is : %d\n", max);
printf("Minimum element is : %d\n\n", min);
}
- Perform linear search on 1D array.
#include<stdio.h>>
int main()
{
int A[100], search, i, number;
printf("Enter the number of elements in array\n");
scanf("%d",&number);
printf("Enter %d numbers\n", number);
for ( i = 0 ; i < number ; i++ )
scanf("%d",&A[i]);
printf("Enter the number to search\n");
scanf("%d",&search);
for ( i = 0 ; i < number ; i++ )
{
if ( A[i] == search )
{
printf("%d is present at location %d.\n", search, i+1);
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
- The reverse of a1D integer array.
#include<stdio.h>>
int main()
{
int n, i,j, A[100];
printf("Enter the number of elements in array\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the array elements\n");
for (i = 0; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &A[i]);
printf("reverse elements in array\n");
for (j = n - 1; j >= 0; j--)
printf("%d \n",A[j]);
- Eliminate duplicate elements in an array.
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int a[10],i,j,k,n;
printf("Enter size of the array\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter Elements of the array:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("Entered element are: \n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("%d ",a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
for(j = i+1; j<n; j++){
if(a[i] == a[j]){
for(k = j; k<n; k++){
a[k] = a[k+1];
}
j--;
n--;
}
}
}
printf("\nAfter deleting the duplicate element the Array is:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("%d ",a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
- Find 2’s complement of the given binary number.
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char num[10], A[10], B[10],C[10];
int i,j,k, carry = 1;
printf("Enter the binary number");
gets(num);
for(i = 0; num[i]!= '\0'; i++){
if(num[i] == '0'){
A[i] = '1';
}
else if(num[i] == '1'){
A[i] = '0';
}
}
A[i] = '\0';
printf("1's complement of binary number is %s", A);
for(j =i - 1; j >= 0; j--){
if(A[j] == '1' && carry == 1){
B[j] = '0';
}
else if(A[j] == '0' && carry == 1){
B[j] = '1';
carry = 0;
}
else{
B[j] = A[j];
}
}
B[i] = '\0';
// Below code only works if u take all zeros as input 0000
if(B[0]=='0'&& carry == 1)
{
for(k =0; k<i; k++)
{
C[k+1]=B[k];
}
C[0] = '1';
C[i+1]='\0';
printf("\n 2's complement of binary number is %s",C);
}
else
{
printf("\n 2's complement of binary number is %s",B);
}
return 0;
}
Exercise 8: arrays and strings.
- Addition of two matrices.
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int r, c, A[10][10], B[10][10], sum[10][10], i, j;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &r);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &c);
printf("\nEnter elements of A matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {
printf("Enter element a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &A[i][j]);
}
printf("Enter elements of 2nd matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {
printf("Enter element b%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &B[i][j]);
}
// adding two matrices
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {
sum[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
}
// printing the result
printf("\nSum of two matrices: \n");
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
{
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j)
{
printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
return 0;
}
- Multiplication of two matrices.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int A[50][50],B[50][50],C[50][50],i,j,k,r1,c1,r2,c2,sum=0;
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of first matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r1,&c1);
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of second matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r2,&c2);
if(c1!=r2){
printf("Mutiplication of Matrix is not possible.");
printf("\nColumn of first matrix and row of second matrix must be same.");
}
else
{
printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&A[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Input elements in the second matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&B[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nThe First matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
printf("%d\t",A[i][j]);
}
printf("\nThe Second matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
printf("%d\t",B[i][j]);
}
//multiplication of matrix
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
C[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<c1;k++)
{
C[i][j] +=A[i][k]*B[k][j];
}
}
}
printf("\nThe multiplication of two matrices is : \n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",C[i][j]);
}
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}
- Sort array elements using bubble sort.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100];
int n, i, j, tmp;
printf("\n\nsort elements of array in ascending order using bubble sort :\n ");
printf("----------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the size of array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if(arr1[j] <arr1[i])
{
tmp = arr1[i];
arr1[i] = arr1[j];
arr1[j] = tmp;
}
}
}
printf("\nElements of array in sorted ascending order:\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr1[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
- Concatenate two strings without built-in functions.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[10],str2[10],str3[10];
int i=0,j=0;
printf("\nEnter First String:");
gets(str1);
printf("\nEnter Second String:");
gets(str2);
while(str1[i]!='\0')
{
str3[i]=str1[i];
i++;
}
while(str2[j]!='\0')
{
str3[i]=str2[j];
j++;
i++;
}
str3[i]='\0';
printf("\nConcatenated String is %s",str3);
return 0;
}
- Reverse a string using built-in and without built-in string functions.
With using built-infunction
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[20] ;
clrscr();
printf (“enter a string”);
gets (str);
strrev (str);
printf(“reversed string = %s”,str)
return 0;
}
Without using built-infunction
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[20],str2[20],temp;
int i,j,k,length=0;
printf("Enter String : ");
gets(str1);
for(i=0;str1[i]!='\0';i++)
{
length++;
}
for(j=length-1,k=0;j>=0;j--,k++)
{
str2[k]=str1[j];
}
str2[k]='\0';
printf("Reverse of a string is: %s",str2);
return 0;
}
Exercise 9: Pointers.
- Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this program, allocate memory dynamically using malloc( ) function.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, sum = 0;
int *p;
printf("Enter number of elements : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
p = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Enter element %d : ", (i + 1));
scanf("%d", p + i);
sum += *(p + i);
}
printf("sum is %d \n", sum);
free(p);
return 0;
}
- Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this program, allocate memory dynamically using calloc( ) function. Understand the
difference between the above two programs
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, sum = 0;
int *p;
printf("Enter number of elements : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
p = (int *)calloc(n, sizeof(int));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Enter element %d : ", (i + 1));
scanf("%d", p + i);
sum += *(p + i);
}
printf("sum is %d \n", sum);
free(p);
return 0;
}
- Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this program, allocate memory dynamically using realloc( ) function. Understand the
difference between the above two programs
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *ptr, i , n1, n2;
clrscr();
printf("Enter size: ");
scanf("%d", &n1);
ptr = (int*) malloc(n1 * sizeof(int));
printf("Addresses of previously allocated memory: ");
for(i = 0; i < n1; i++)
printf("%u\n",ptr + i);
printf("\nEnter the new size: ");
scanf("%d", &n2);
// rellocating the memory
ptr = realloc(ptr, n2 * sizeof(int));
printf("Addresses of newly allocated memory: ");
for(i = 0; i < n2; i++)
printf("%u\n", ptr + i);
free(ptr);
return 0;
}
Exercise 10: Structures and union.
- Write a C program to find the total, average of n students using structures
#include <stdio.h>>
// Define a structure for a student
struct Student {
char name[50];
int marks;
};
int main() {
int i,n, total = 0;
float average;
struct Student students[10];
printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Input student names and marks
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Enter name of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%s", students[i].name);
printf("Enter marks of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &students[i].marks);
total += students[i].marks;
}
// Calculate average
average = (float)total / n;
printf("\nStudent Information:\n");
printf("Name\t\tMarks\n");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%s\t\t%d\n", students[i].name, students[i].marks);
}
printf("\nTotal marks: %d\n", total);
printf("Average marks: %.2f\n", average);
return 0;
}
- Write a C program to illustrate Union
#include <stdio.h>>
// Define a union for a student
union Student {
char name[50];
int marks;
};
int main() {
int i,n, total = 0;
float average;
union Student students[10];
printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Input student names and marks
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Enter name of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%s", students[i].name);
printf("%s\n",students[i].name);
printf("Enter marks of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &students[i].marks);
printf("%d\n",students[i].marks);
total += students[i].marks;
}
// Calculate average
average = (float)total / n;
printf("\nTotal marks: %d\n", total);
printf("Average marks: %.2f\n", average);
return 0;
}
Exercise 11: Using functions.
- Write a C function to calculate NCR value.
#include <stdio.h>>
int fact(int a);
int main()
{
int n, r, ncr;
printf("\n Enter the value for N and R \n");
scanf("%d%d", &n, &r);
ncr = fact(n) / (fact(r) * fact(n - r));
printf("\n The value of ncr is: %d", ncr);
}
int fact(int a)
{
int f = 1, i;
if (a == 0)
{
return(f);
}
else
{
for (i = 1; i <= a; i++)
{
f = f * i;
}
}
return(f);
}
- Write a C function to find the length of a string.
#include <stdio.h>>
int length(char str[]);
int main()
{
char str[100];
int i;
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str);
printf("The length of the string is: %d\n", length(str));
return 0;
}
int length(char str[])
{
int i,l = 0;
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
l++;
}
return l;
}
- Write a C function to transpose of a matrix.
#include <stdio.h>>
void transpose(int A[10][10], int r, int c, int B[10][10])
{
for(int i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c;j++)
{
B[j][i]=A[i][j];
}
}
printf("\nAfter transpose the elements are...\n");
for(int i=0;i<c;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<r;j++)
{
printf("%d ",B[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
int main()
{
int r,c,A[10][10],B[10][10];
printf("Enter the number of rows and column: \n");
scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);
printf("\nEnter the elements of the matrix: \n");
for(int i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&A[i][j]);
}
}
transpose(A,r,c,B);
return 0;
}
Exercise 12: Using Recursion Function.
- Write a recursive function to generate Fibonacci series.
#include <stdio.h>>
int fibonacci(int num)
{
if (num == 0)
{
return 0;
}
else if (num == 1)
{
return 1;
}
else
{
return fibonacci(num-1) + fibonacci(num-2);
}
}
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter the number of elements to be in the series : ");
scanf("%d", &num);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
printf("%d,",fibonacci(i));
}
return 0;
}
- Write a recursive function to find the LCM of two numbers.
#include <stdio.h>>
int lcmCalculate(int a, int b);
int main()
{
int n1, n2, lcmOf;
printf("\n\n Recursion : Find the LCM of two numbers :\n");
printf("----------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input 1st number for LCM : ");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf(" Input 2nd number for LCM : ");
scanf("%d", &n2);
if(n1 > n2)
lcmOf = lcmCalculate(n2, n1);
else
lcmOf = lcmCalculate(n1, n2);
printf(" The LCM of %d and %d : %d\n\n", n1, n2, lcmOf);
return 0;
}
int lcmCalculate(int a, int b)
{
static int m = 0;
m += b;
if((m % a == 0) && (m % b == 0))
{
return m;
}
else
{
lcmCalculate(a, b);
}
}
- Write a recursive function to find the factorial of a number.
#include <stdio.h>>
long int fact(int n);
int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n, fact(n));
return 0;
}
long int fact(int n)
{
if (n>=1)
return n*fact(n-1);
else
return 1;
}
Exercise 13: Simple functions using Call by reference, Dangling pointers.
- Write a C program to swap two numbers using call by reference.
#include <stdio.h>>
void swap(int *, int *);
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
printf("Before swapping the values in main a = %d, b = %d\n",a,b);
swap(&a,&b);
printf("After swapping values in main a = %d, b = %d\n",a,b);
}
void swap (int *a, int *b)
{
int temp;
temp = *a;
*a=*b;
*b=temp;
printf("After swapping values in function a = %d, b = %d\n",*a,*b);
}
- Demonstrate Dangling pointer problem using a C program.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
int *ptr;
ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
*ptr = 10;
// memory block deallocated using free() function
free(ptr);
// here ptr acts as a dangling pointer
printf("%d", *ptr);
// prints garbage value in the output console
return 0;
}
- Write a C program to copy one string into another using pointer.
#include <stdio.h>
void copy_string(char*, char*);
main()
{
char source[100], target[100];
printf("Enter source string\n");
gets(source);
copy_string(target, source);
printf("Target string is \"%s\"\n", target);
return 0;
}
void copy_string(char *target, char *source)
{
while(*source)
{
*target = *source;
source++;
target++;
}
*target = '\0';
}
- Write a C program to find no of lowercase, upper case, digits and other characters using pointers.
#include <stdio.h>
void stringcount(char *str)
{
int i,upper=0,lower=0,digits=0,specialchars=0;
for(i=0;str[i];i++)
{
if(str[i]>='A' && str[i]<='Z')
upper++;
else if(str[i]>='a' && str[i]<='z')
lower++;
else if(str[i]>=48 && str[i]<=57)
digits++;
else
specialchars++;
}
printf("Upper case letters = %d\n",upper);
printf("Lower case letters = %d\n",lower);
printf("Digits = %d\n",digits);
printf("Special characters = %d", specialchars);
}
int main()
{
char s[100];
printf("Enter the string: ");
gets(s);
stringcount(s);
}
Exercise 14: File handling
- Write a C program to write and read text in to a file.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char str[100];
FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("999.txt","w");
if(fptr == NULL)
{
printf("Error!");
exit(1);
}
printf("Entered data is: ");
gets(str);
fprintf(fptr,"%s",str);
if ((fptr = fopen("999.txt","r")) == NULL){
printf("Error! opening file");
exit(1);
}
fscanf(fptr,"%s", str);
printf("data avilable in ext file is n=%s", str);
fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}
- Copy the contents of one file to another file.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // For exit()
int main()
{
FILE *fptr1, *fptr2;
char filename[100], c;
printf("Enter the filename to open for reading \n");
scanf("%s", filename);
// Open one file for reading
fptr1 = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fptr1 == NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file %s \n", filename);
exit(0);
}
printf("Enter the filename to open for writing \n");
scanf("%s", filename);
// Open another file for writing
fptr2 = fopen(filename, "w");
if (fptr2 == NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file %s \n", filename);
exit(0);
}
// Read contents from file
c = fgetc(fptr1);
while (c != EOF)
{
fputc(c, fptr2);
c = fgetc(fptr1);
}
printf("\nContents copied to %s", filename);
fclose(fptr1);
fclose(fptr2);
return 0;
}
- Find no. of lines, words and characters in a file.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fptr;
char ch;
int wrd=0,charctr=0,line=0;
char fname[100];
printf("\n\n Count the number of words, characters and lines in a file :\n");
printf("---------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input the filename to be opened : ");
scanf("%s",fname);
fptr=fopen(fname,"r");
if(fptr==NULL)
{
printf(" File does not exist or can not be opened.");
}
else
{
ch=fgetc(fptr);
//printf(" The content of the file %s are : ",fname);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
printf("%c",ch);
if(ch==' '||ch=='\n')
{
wrd++;
if(ch=='\n')
line++;
}
else
{
charctr++;
}
ch=fgetc(fptr);
}
printf("\n The number of words in the file %s are : %d\n",fname,wrd);
printf(" The number of characters in the file %s are : %d\n",fname,charctr);
printf(" The number of lines in the file %s are : %d\n",fname,line);
}
fclose(fptr);
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c, sum;
float avg;
clrscr();
printf("Enter values of a,b, and c: \n");
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c);
sum = a + b + c;
avg = sum / 3;
printf("Sum = %d \n", sum);
printf("Average = %.2f", avg);
return 0;
}
//Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float celsius, fahrenheit;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter Temp in Fahrenheit : ");
scanf("%f", &fahrenheit);
celsius = (fahrenheit-32) / 1.8;
printf("\n Temperature in Celsius : %.2f ", celsius);
getch();
}
//Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float celsius, fahrenheit;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter Temp in Celsius : ");
scanf("%f", &celsius);
fahrenheit = (1.8 * celsius) + 32;
printf("\n Temperature in Fahrenheit : %.2f ", fahrenheit);
getch();
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int p,r,t,int_amt;
clrscr();
printf("Input principle p, Rate of interest r & time in years t to find simple interest: \n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&p,&r,&t);
int_amt=(p*r*t)/100;
printf("Simple interest = %d",int_amt);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main() {
double number, squareRoot;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%lf", &number);
squareRoot = sqrt(number);
printf("Square root of %.2lf = %.2lf", number, squareRoot);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
double principle, rate, time, CI, n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter principle (amount): ");
scanf("%lf", &principle);
printf("Enter time in years: ");
scanf("%lf", &time);
printf("Enter annual rate of interest: ");
scanf("%lf", &rate);
printf("Enter the number of times that interest is compounded annually: ");
scanf("%lf", &n);
A = principle * pow((1 + rate /(100*n)), n * time);
printf("final amount with compound interest %lf", A);
/* Calculate compound interest */
CI = A - principle;
/* Print the resultant CI */
printf("Compound Interest = %.2lf", CI);
return 0;
}
Steps to find the area of a triangle using Heron's formula
Let A, B and C be the length of three sides of a triangle.
Calculate the semi perimeter of the triangle.
Semi-Perimeter of triangle(S) = (A + B + C)/2
Now, we can calculate the area of triangle using below mentioned formula.
Area of Triangle = √ S(S-A)(S-B)(S-C))
Where, S is the semi-perimeter that we calculated in first step.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float side1, side2, side3, s, area;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the length of three sides of triangle\n");
scanf("%f %f %f", &side1,&side2,&side3);
s = (side1 + side2 + side3)/2;
area = sqrt(s*(s-side1)*(s-side2)*(s-side3));
printf("Area of triangle : %0.4f\n", area);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float u,a,t,v,s;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter initial velocity u: ");
scanf("%f",&u);
printf("\n Enter acceleration a: ");
scanf("%f",&a);
printf("\n Enter time required t: ");
scanf("%f",&t);
s=u*t+(1/2)*a*t*t;
printf("\n The distance traveled is : %f ",s);
getch();
}
1) Evaluate the following expressions.
a. A+B*C+(D*E)+F*G
b. A/B*C-B+A*D/3
c. A+++B---A
d. J= (i++) +(++i)
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int A=1,B=2,C=3,D=4,E=5,F=6,G=7,a,b,c,J,i=1; a= A+B*C+(D*E)+F*G; printf("a= %d",a); //if u take float, u will get exact output b=A/B*C-B+A*D/3; printf("\n b= %d",b); c=A+++B---A; printf("\n c= %d",c); J= (i++) +(++i); printf("\n J= %d",J); return 0; }
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c, big ;
clrscr();
printf("Enter three numbers : ") ;
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c) ;
big = a > b ? (a > c ? a : c) : (b > c ? b : c) ;
printf("\nThe biggest number is : %d", big) ;
getch();
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int eng, phy, chem, math, comp;
float total, average, percentage;
/* Input marks of all five subjects */
printf("Enter marks of five subjects: \n");
scanf("%d %d %d %d %d", &eng, &phy, &chem, &math, &comp);
/* Calculate total, average and percentage */
total = eng + phy + chem + math + comp;
average = total / 5.0;
percentage = (total / 500.0) * 100;
/* Print all results */
printf("Total marks = %.2f\n", total);
printf("Average marks = %.2f\n", average);
printf("Percentage = %.2f", percentage);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int a,b,c,d;
printf("Enter the Four Numbers :");
scanf("%d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d);
if(a>b && a>c && a>d)
{
printf("%d is max \n",a);
}
else if(b>c && b>d)
{
printf("%d is max \n",b);
}
else if(c>d)
{
printf("%d is max \n",c);
}
else
{
printf("%d is big \n",d);
}
if(a<b && a<c && a<d)
{
printf("%d is min",a);
}
else if(b<c && b<d)
{
printf("%d is min",b);
}
else if(c<d)
{
printf("%d is min",c);
}
else
{
printf("%d is min",d);
}
return 0;
}
Conditions:
For first 50 units – Rs. 3.50/unit
For 51 - 150 units – Rs. 4.00/unit
For 151 -250 units – Rs. 5.20/unit
For units above 250 – Rs. 6.50/unit
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float bill, units;
printf("Enter the units consumed=");
scanf("%f",&units);
if(units<=50 && units>=0)
{
bill=units*3.50;
printf("Electricity Bill=%0.2f Rupees",bill);
}
else if(units<=150 && units>50)
{
bill=50*3.50+(units-50)*4;
printf("Electricity Bill=%0.2f Rupees",bill);
}
else if(units<=250 && units>150)
{
bill=50*3.50+100*4+(units-150)*5.20;
printf("Electricity Bill=%0.2f Rupees",bill);
}
else if(units>250)
{
bill=50*3.50+100*4+100*5.20+(units-250)*6.50;
printf("Electricity Bill=%0.2f Rupees",bill);
}
else
{
printf("Please enter valid consumed units...");
}
return 0;
}
# include<stdio.h>
# include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main () {
float a,b,c,r1,r2,d;
clrscr();
printf ("Enter the values of a b c: ");
scanf (" %f %f %f", &a, &b, &c);
d= b*b - 4*a*c;
if (d>0) {
r1 = -b+sqrt (d) / (2*a);
r2 = -b-sqrt (d) / (2*a);
printf ("The real roots = %f %f", r1, r2);
}
else if (d==0) {
r1 = -b/(2*a);
r2 = -b/(2*a);
printf ("Roots are equal =%f %f", r1, r2);
}
else
printf("Roots are imaginary");
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
char ch;
int a, b, result;
clrscr();
printf("Enter an Operator (+, -, *, /, %): ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
printf("Enter two operands: \n");
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
switch(ch){
case '+':
result = a + b;
printf("%d + %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
case '-':
result = a - b;
printf("%d - %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
case '*':
result = a * b;
printf("%d * %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
case '/':
result = a / b;
printf("%d / %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
case '%':
result = a % b;
printf("%d mod %d = %d", a, b, result);
break;
default:
printf("choose proper menu");
break;
}
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int year;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a year: ");
scanf("%d", &year);
if((year%4==0) && ((year%400==0) || (year%100!=0)))
{
printf("%d is a leap year", year);
} else {
printf("%d is not a leap year", year);
}
}
or
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int year;
printf("Enter a year: ");
scanf("%d", &year);
if (year % 400 == 0) {
printf("%d is a leap year.", year);
}
// not a leap year if divisible by 100
else if (year % 100 == 0) {
printf("%d is not a leap year.", year);
}
else if (year % 4 == 0) {
printf("%d is a leap year.", year);
}
else {
printf("%d is not a leap year.", year);
}
return 0;
}
//using while loop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int f=1,num;
printf("Enter the number : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
while(num>0)
{
f=f*num;
num--;
}
printf("The Factorial is: %d\n",f);
return 0;
}
//using for loop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
int i,f=1,num;
printf("Enter the number : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
{
f=f*i;
}
printf("The Factorial of %d is: %d\n",num,f);
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, flag = 0;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
flag = 1;
for (i = 2; i <= n / 2; ++i)
{
if (n % i == 0) {
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 0)
printf("%d is a prime number.", n);
else
printf("%d is not a prime number.", n);
return 0;
}
The formula of Sine Series is
sin(x) = x - (x*x*x)/3! + (x*x*x*x*x)/5! - (x*x*x*x*x*x*x)/7!
for Example,
Let the value of x be 50.
x= 50 * pi/180 = 50 * (3.14/180) = 0.8722
So, Radian value for 50 degree is 0.8722.
sin(0.8722) = 0.8722 - (0.8722*0.8722*0.8722)/3! + (0.8722*0.8722*0.8722*0.8722*0.8722)/5!...
//Compute Sine Series
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
float x, sum, t;
printf(" Enter the value for x : ");
scanf("%f",&x);
printf(" \n Enter the value for n : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
x=x*3.14159/180;
t=x;
sum=x;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
t=(t*(-1)*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1));
sum=sum+t;
}
printf(" The value of Sin(%f) = %.4f",x,sum);
return 0;
}
The formula of Cosine Series is
cos(x) = 1 - (x*x)/2! + (x*x*x*x)/4! - (x*x*x*x*x*x)/6!
for Example,
Let the value of x be 50.
x= 50 * pi/180 = 50 * (3.14/180) = 0.8722
So, Radian value for 50 degree is 0.8722.
cos(0.8722) = 1 - (0.8722*0.8722)/2! + (0.8722*0.8722*0.8722*0.8722)/4!...
//Compute Cosine Series
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
float x, sum=1, t=1;
clrscr();
printf(" Enter the value for x : ");
scanf("%f",&x);
printf(" Enter the value for n : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
x=x*3.14159/180;
/* Loop to calculate the value of Cosine */
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
t=t*(-1)*x*x/(2*i*(2*i-1));
sum=sum+t;
}
printf(" The value of Cos(%f) is : %.4f", x, sum);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, rev = 0, rem, org;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
org = n;
while (n != 0) {
rem = n % 10;
rev = rev * 10 + rem;
n /= 10;
}
if (org == rev)
printf("%d is a palindrome.", org);
else
printf("%d is not a palindrome.", org);
return 0;
}
// Half Pyramid
#include<stdio.h>>
int main() {
int i, j, rows;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
for (i = 1; i <= rows; ++i) {
for (j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
printf("%d ", j);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
// Full Pyramid
#include<stdio.h>>
int main() {
// Write C code here
int i,j,k,l;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
for(k=5;k>=i;k--)
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%d",j);
for(l=j-2;l>0;l--)
printf("%d", l);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>>
int main()
{
int A[10], i, max, min, n;
printf("\n\nFind maximum and minimum element in an array :\n");
printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&A[i]);
}
max = A[0];
min = A[0];
for(i=1; i<n; i++)
{
if(A[i]>max)
{
max = A[i];
}
if(A[i]<min)
{
min = A[i];
}
}
printf("Maximum element is : %d\n", max);
printf("Minimum element is : %d\n\n", min);
}
#include<stdio.h>>
int main()
{
int A[100], search, i, number;
printf("Enter the number of elements in array\n");
scanf("%d",&number);
printf("Enter %d numbers\n", number);
for ( i = 0 ; i < number ; i++ )
scanf("%d",&A[i]);
printf("Enter the number to search\n");
scanf("%d",&search);
for ( i = 0 ; i < number ; i++ )
{
if ( A[i] == search )
{
printf("%d is present at location %d.\n", search, i+1);
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>>
int main()
{
int n, i,j, A[100];
printf("Enter the number of elements in array\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the array elements\n");
for (i = 0; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &A[i]);
printf("reverse elements in array\n");
for (j = n - 1; j >= 0; j--)
printf("%d \n",A[j]);
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int a[10],i,j,k,n;
printf("Enter size of the array\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter Elements of the array:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("Entered element are: \n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("%d ",a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
for(j = i+1; j<n; j++){
if(a[i] == a[j]){
for(k = j; k<n; k++){
a[k] = a[k+1];
}
j--;
n--;
}
}
}
printf("\nAfter deleting the duplicate element the Array is:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("%d ",a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char num[10], A[10], B[10],C[10];
int i,j,k, carry = 1;
printf("Enter the binary number");
gets(num);
for(i = 0; num[i]!= '\0'; i++){
if(num[i] == '0'){
A[i] = '1';
}
else if(num[i] == '1'){
A[i] = '0';
}
}
A[i] = '\0';
printf("1's complement of binary number is %s", A);
for(j =i - 1; j >= 0; j--){
if(A[j] == '1' && carry == 1){
B[j] = '0';
}
else if(A[j] == '0' && carry == 1){
B[j] = '1';
carry = 0;
}
else{
B[j] = A[j];
}
}
B[i] = '\0';
// Below code only works if u take all zeros as input 0000
if(B[0]=='0'&& carry == 1)
{
for(k =0; k<i; k++)
{
C[k+1]=B[k];
}
C[0] = '1';
C[i+1]='\0';
printf("\n 2's complement of binary number is %s",C);
}
else
{
printf("\n 2's complement of binary number is %s",B);
}
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int r, c, A[10][10], B[10][10], sum[10][10], i, j;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &r);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &c);
printf("\nEnter elements of A matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {
printf("Enter element a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &A[i][j]);
}
printf("Enter elements of 2nd matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {
printf("Enter element b%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &B[i][j]);
}
// adding two matrices
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {
sum[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
}
// printing the result
printf("\nSum of two matrices: \n");
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
{
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j)
{
printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int A[50][50],B[50][50],C[50][50],i,j,k,r1,c1,r2,c2,sum=0;
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of first matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r1,&c1);
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of second matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r2,&c2);
if(c1!=r2){
printf("Mutiplication of Matrix is not possible.");
printf("\nColumn of first matrix and row of second matrix must be same.");
}
else
{
printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&A[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Input elements in the second matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&B[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nThe First matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
printf("%d\t",A[i][j]);
}
printf("\nThe Second matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
printf("%d\t",B[i][j]);
}
//multiplication of matrix
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
C[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<c1;k++)
{
C[i][j] +=A[i][k]*B[k][j];
}
}
}
printf("\nThe multiplication of two matrices is : \n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",C[i][j]);
}
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100];
int n, i, j, tmp;
printf("\n\nsort elements of array in ascending order using bubble sort :\n ");
printf("----------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the size of array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if(arr1[j] <arr1[i])
{
tmp = arr1[i];
arr1[i] = arr1[j];
arr1[j] = tmp;
}
}
}
printf("\nElements of array in sorted ascending order:\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr1[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[10],str2[10],str3[10];
int i=0,j=0;
printf("\nEnter First String:");
gets(str1);
printf("\nEnter Second String:");
gets(str2);
while(str1[i]!='\0')
{
str3[i]=str1[i];
i++;
}
while(str2[j]!='\0')
{
str3[i]=str2[j];
j++;
i++;
}
str3[i]='\0';
printf("\nConcatenated String is %s",str3);
return 0;
}
With using built-infunction
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[20] ;
clrscr();
printf (“enter a string”);
gets (str);
strrev (str);
printf(“reversed string = %s”,str)
return 0;
}
Without using built-infunction
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[20],str2[20],temp;
int i,j,k,length=0;
printf("Enter String : ");
gets(str1);
for(i=0;str1[i]!='\0';i++)
{
length++;
}
for(j=length-1,k=0;j>=0;j--,k++)
{
str2[k]=str1[j];
}
str2[k]='\0';
printf("Reverse of a string is: %s",str2);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, sum = 0;
int *p;
printf("Enter number of elements : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
p = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Enter element %d : ", (i + 1));
scanf("%d", p + i);
sum += *(p + i);
}
printf("sum is %d \n", sum);
free(p);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, sum = 0;
int *p;
printf("Enter number of elements : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
p = (int *)calloc(n, sizeof(int));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Enter element %d : ", (i + 1));
scanf("%d", p + i);
sum += *(p + i);
}
printf("sum is %d \n", sum);
free(p);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *ptr, i , n1, n2;
clrscr();
printf("Enter size: ");
scanf("%d", &n1);
ptr = (int*) malloc(n1 * sizeof(int));
printf("Addresses of previously allocated memory: ");
for(i = 0; i < n1; i++)
printf("%u\n",ptr + i);
printf("\nEnter the new size: ");
scanf("%d", &n2);
// rellocating the memory
ptr = realloc(ptr, n2 * sizeof(int));
printf("Addresses of newly allocated memory: ");
for(i = 0; i < n2; i++)
printf("%u\n", ptr + i);
free(ptr);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>>
// Define a structure for a student
struct Student {
char name[50];
int marks;
};
int main() {
int i,n, total = 0;
float average;
struct Student students[10];
printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Input student names and marks
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Enter name of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%s", students[i].name);
printf("Enter marks of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &students[i].marks);
total += students[i].marks;
}
// Calculate average
average = (float)total / n;
printf("\nStudent Information:\n");
printf("Name\t\tMarks\n");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%s\t\t%d\n", students[i].name, students[i].marks);
}
printf("\nTotal marks: %d\n", total);
printf("Average marks: %.2f\n", average);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>>
// Define a union for a student
union Student {
char name[50];
int marks;
};
int main() {
int i,n, total = 0;
float average;
union Student students[10];
printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Input student names and marks
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Enter name of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%s", students[i].name);
printf("%s\n",students[i].name);
printf("Enter marks of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &students[i].marks);
printf("%d\n",students[i].marks);
total += students[i].marks;
}
// Calculate average
average = (float)total / n;
printf("\nTotal marks: %d\n", total);
printf("Average marks: %.2f\n", average);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>>
int fact(int a);
int main()
{
int n, r, ncr;
printf("\n Enter the value for N and R \n");
scanf("%d%d", &n, &r);
ncr = fact(n) / (fact(r) * fact(n - r));
printf("\n The value of ncr is: %d", ncr);
}
int fact(int a)
{
int f = 1, i;
if (a == 0)
{
return(f);
}
else
{
for (i = 1; i <= a; i++)
{
f = f * i;
}
}
return(f);
}
#include <stdio.h>>
int length(char str[]);
int main()
{
char str[100];
int i;
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str);
printf("The length of the string is: %d\n", length(str));
return 0;
}
int length(char str[])
{
int i,l = 0;
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
l++;
}
return l;
}
#include <stdio.h>>
void transpose(int A[10][10], int r, int c, int B[10][10])
{
for(int i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c;j++)
{
B[j][i]=A[i][j];
}
}
printf("\nAfter transpose the elements are...\n");
for(int i=0;i<c;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<r;j++)
{
printf("%d ",B[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
int main()
{
int r,c,A[10][10],B[10][10];
printf("Enter the number of rows and column: \n");
scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);
printf("\nEnter the elements of the matrix: \n");
for(int i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&A[i][j]);
}
}
transpose(A,r,c,B);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>>
int fibonacci(int num)
{
if (num == 0)
{
return 0;
}
else if (num == 1)
{
return 1;
}
else
{
return fibonacci(num-1) + fibonacci(num-2);
}
}
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter the number of elements to be in the series : ");
scanf("%d", &num);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
printf("%d,",fibonacci(i));
}
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>>
int lcmCalculate(int a, int b);
int main()
{
int n1, n2, lcmOf;
printf("\n\n Recursion : Find the LCM of two numbers :\n");
printf("----------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input 1st number for LCM : ");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf(" Input 2nd number for LCM : ");
scanf("%d", &n2);
if(n1 > n2)
lcmOf = lcmCalculate(n2, n1);
else
lcmOf = lcmCalculate(n1, n2);
printf(" The LCM of %d and %d : %d\n\n", n1, n2, lcmOf);
return 0;
}
int lcmCalculate(int a, int b)
{
static int m = 0;
m += b;
if((m % a == 0) && (m % b == 0))
{
return m;
}
else
{
lcmCalculate(a, b);
}
}
#include <stdio.h>>
long int fact(int n);
int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n, fact(n));
return 0;
}
long int fact(int n)
{
if (n>=1)
return n*fact(n-1);
else
return 1;
}
#include <stdio.h>>
void swap(int *, int *);
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
printf("Before swapping the values in main a = %d, b = %d\n",a,b);
swap(&a,&b);
printf("After swapping values in main a = %d, b = %d\n",a,b);
}
void swap (int *a, int *b)
{
int temp;
temp = *a;
*a=*b;
*b=temp;
printf("After swapping values in function a = %d, b = %d\n",*a,*b);
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
int *ptr;
ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
*ptr = 10;
// memory block deallocated using free() function
free(ptr);
// here ptr acts as a dangling pointer
printf("%d", *ptr);
// prints garbage value in the output console
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
void copy_string(char*, char*);
main()
{
char source[100], target[100];
printf("Enter source string\n");
gets(source);
copy_string(target, source);
printf("Target string is \"%s\"\n", target);
return 0;
}
void copy_string(char *target, char *source)
{
while(*source)
{
*target = *source;
source++;
target++;
}
*target = '\0';
}
#include <stdio.h>
void stringcount(char *str)
{
int i,upper=0,lower=0,digits=0,specialchars=0;
for(i=0;str[i];i++)
{
if(str[i]>='A' && str[i]<='Z')
upper++;
else if(str[i]>='a' && str[i]<='z')
lower++;
else if(str[i]>=48 && str[i]<=57)
digits++;
else
specialchars++;
}
printf("Upper case letters = %d\n",upper);
printf("Lower case letters = %d\n",lower);
printf("Digits = %d\n",digits);
printf("Special characters = %d", specialchars);
}
int main()
{
char s[100];
printf("Enter the string: ");
gets(s);
stringcount(s);
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char str[100];
FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("999.txt","w");
if(fptr == NULL)
{
printf("Error!");
exit(1);
}
printf("Entered data is: ");
gets(str);
fprintf(fptr,"%s",str);
if ((fptr = fopen("999.txt","r")) == NULL){
printf("Error! opening file");
exit(1);
}
fscanf(fptr,"%s", str);
printf("data avilable in ext file is n=%s", str);
fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // For exit()
int main()
{
FILE *fptr1, *fptr2;
char filename[100], c;
printf("Enter the filename to open for reading \n");
scanf("%s", filename);
// Open one file for reading
fptr1 = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fptr1 == NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file %s \n", filename);
exit(0);
}
printf("Enter the filename to open for writing \n");
scanf("%s", filename);
// Open another file for writing
fptr2 = fopen(filename, "w");
if (fptr2 == NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file %s \n", filename);
exit(0);
}
// Read contents from file
c = fgetc(fptr1);
while (c != EOF)
{
fputc(c, fptr2);
c = fgetc(fptr1);
}
printf("\nContents copied to %s", filename);
fclose(fptr1);
fclose(fptr2);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fptr;
char ch;
int wrd=0,charctr=0,line=0;
char fname[100];
printf("\n\n Count the number of words, characters and lines in a file :\n");
printf("---------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input the filename to be opened : ");
scanf("%s",fname);
fptr=fopen(fname,"r");
if(fptr==NULL)
{
printf(" File does not exist or can not be opened.");
}
else
{
ch=fgetc(fptr);
//printf(" The content of the file %s are : ",fname);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
printf("%c",ch);
if(ch==' '||ch=='\n')
{
wrd++;
if(ch=='\n')
line++;
}
else
{
charctr++;
}
ch=fgetc(fptr);
}
printf("\n The number of words in the file %s are : %d\n",fname,wrd);
printf(" The number of characters in the file %s are : %d\n",fname,charctr);
printf(" The number of lines in the file %s are : %d\n",fname,line);
}
fclose(fptr);
}
All The Best
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netaji gandi
Saturday, July 12, 2025
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